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Tamil is the official language of Tamil Nadu. Tamil is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken natively by about 70 million people, most of whom live in India's southeastern coast. It has official status in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore. A large number of books have been written using the Tamil language for over 2,000 years since the Sangam period to present day. Electronic books are also available on computers and e-readers nowadays due to its increasing use amongst scholars and intellectuals. Various e-books and electronic book novelties are available online. Tamil is a historical language and has played an important role in Tamil literature, especially in the field of literature since ancient times. More than 75% of Tamil literature is composed in the common language; Sanskrit; and Tamil has also contributed widely to Paninian Sangam literature such as "Silappatikaram" (a folk epic with Sanskrit verses), "Manimekalai" (a lyrical poem with Sanskrit verses) and "Akananuru" (a poetic essay on the life of Lord Shiva). Tamil poets have made significant contributions to the "Sangam" literature. The oldest surviving Tamil text, Adiyunchamparai, dates back to 3rd century CE. It is the work of a poet named Thirumalai Nayakkan, who lived in Tamil Nadu. Another well known work is Kamban's "Silappatikaram", which has thousands of verses written in Sanskrit and Tamil. The work has been described as "the Bible of Tamils". Other notable works are Vallalar's Kamban, Valavi's Vilapakkam and Naguvalar's Silapathikaram. The great Tamil poet Kambar wrote "Ramavatharam" and "Krishnakumari" in the 14th century. Modern Tamil poetry started with Subramanya Bharathy, who is considered as the father of Tamil poetry. His works are highly inspired, patriotic and ethical. He also used simple words to convey ideas effectively. The famous poet Subramanya Bharathi was born on 14th September 1882, in Ettayapuram, Madura District of Tamil Nadu. Most of his poems are written in Manipravalam, a mixture of Sanskrit and old Tamil language. His poetry is very popular in Tamil Nadu. Tamil is also the mother tongue of many Carnatic music stalwarts. The Carnatic musicians include T M K Kandom, Melattur Ranganathan (a disciple of the Carnatic musician Thiruvaiyaru Kanja Natham), Ranjani Durairajan, Guhanar (considered as the father of modern Carnatic music) and Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer (considered as one of the foremost exponents of Carnatic music). cfa1e77820
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